Understanding the Legality of 80% Lowers in Different States

When it comes to firearms, the term "80% lower" has been a hot topic, especially in relation to building firearms from parts and frames that aren’t fully manufactured. But the legality of these parts varies significantly from state to state. In this blog, we will break down the concept of 80% lowers and discuss the legalities surrounding them.

What Is an 80% Lower?

An 80% lower receiver is an unfinished firearm receiver (usually for an AR-15 or AR-10 style rifle) that is 80% complete, meaning it still requires work (usually drilling, milling, or other steps) to become fully functional. These parts are not considered firearms under federal law because they haven't reached the necessary level of completion. However, when these parts are finished and assembled, they become fully operational firearms. Building your own AR-15 or other custom guns is the primary appeal for enthusiasts using 80% lowers.

What Is an 80% Pistol Frame?

The term 80% pistol frame refers to a similar concept but for handguns. An 80% frame is a partially completed polymer frame or metal frame that requires additional work to become a functioning firearm. Similar to the 80% lower for rifles, it isn't classified as a firearm by the federal government until it is finished and functional. 80% Glock frames are among the most popular, giving gun owners the ability to assemble a custom handgun.

Difference Between 80% Lowers and 80% Pistol Frames

While the principle is the same for both, there are key differences between 80% lowers and 80% pistol frames:

Legal Considerations for 80% Lowers in Different States

The legality of possessing and assembling 80% lowers and 80% pistol frames depends on where you live. While they are legal at the federal level (unless you are prohibited from owning firearms), certain states have laws regulating or outright banning them. Here’s an overview of the states where 80% lowers or 80% pistol frames are illegal:

States Where 80% Lowers Are Illegal

In states like California, New York, and New Jersey, 80% lowers are illegal due to the way the law treats unfinished firearms. In these places, even possessing an 80% lower is considered a violation of state laws, which view these items as "firearms" due to their potential to be converted into a working gun.

Key States Where 80% Lowers Are Illegal:

1. California – Bans all unfinished firearm receivers.
2. New York – Prohibits the sale and possession of unfinished firearm frames or receivers.
3. New Jersey – Makes it illegal to possess or sell unfinished frames.
4. Connecticut – Similar to New York, unfinished lowers are considered firearms under state law.
5. Washington D.C. – Bans the possession, sale, and transfer of 80% lowers.

States Where 80% Pistol Frames Are Illegal

Some states also have specific laws that target unfinished pistol frames. In places like California and New Jersey, it’s illegal to possess or manufacture unfinished frames for pistols as well.

Key States Where 80% Pistol Frames Are Illegal:

1. California – Bans the possession of 80% pistol frames.
2. New Jersey – Similar to the law regarding AR-style lowers, it is illegal to possess or sell 80% pistol frames.
3. Delaware – Has restrictions on the possession of unfinished firearm frames, including pistols.

Chart: States Where 80% Lowers & Pistol Frames Are Illegal

Conclusion

In summary, 80% lowers and 80% pistol frames are popular in the gun community for those looking to build their own firearms. However, the legality of possessing or assembling these parts is highly state-dependent. It’s important to check your state’s laws before buying, selling, or possessing these items.

If you live in a state where these are illegal, there can be serious consequences, so always make sure you’re well informed about local laws. Even though these parts aren’t regulated federally until they’re completed, state gun laws can be much stricter when it comes to unfinished firearms.